Summary

The study examined some of the determining components of the risk of falling in elderly people. In the course of the research, very broad and varied test elements are used, since the fall is also influenced by many factors, and a detailed and thorough mapping of all of them within one test is an almost impossible task (it would be too lengthy and tiring). Therefore, during the tests, it may be worthwhile to try to find out the features that seem to be most affected. If necessary, it is even possible to detect less deficient abilities later on. 

So in summary 

1. During the anamnesis, cover medications, diseases, dizziness, bone density, physical activity that influence falls, and, if there were any, the frequency and circumstances of previous falls (individual and environmental characteristics). You can use short questionnaires to help identify the problem. (Associated Document: Staying Independent Checklist, Morse, Prisma and others). As part of the anamnesis, you can also find out about the change in body height. We can inquire about vision. 

2. Then, the different abilities can be measured, such as postural control, balance, and coordination tasks (first static and then dynamic tasks). During all this, it is worth observing the mechanical characteristics and quality of the movements. Range of motion (lower extremity, emphasizing ankle movements) and muscle strength (lower extremity and core muscles) are proven to affect the risk of injury. 

3. In relation to muscle strength, it is worth performing tests on the muscles of the core muscles and lower limbs of the pelvis. (Also, pay attention to the dorsiflexor muscles.) 

4. It is important to monitor alertness, cognitive functions, and perceptual ability. If time allows, you can also use developed rating scales, but in the absence of this, you can also gain a lot of information by paying attention during the conversations and examinations.   (further examines and tests are described in the e-textbooks)