Reading material on improving patient communication

Communication is the process of sending and receiving messages to share skills, knowledge and attitudes. Communication is a fundamental clinical skill as it helps to establish the therapeutic relationship between clinicians and their patients. There are many benefits of effective communication in healthcare, including improved health status, functioning and patient satisfaction. (Physiopedia 2023) 
Effective communication between patient and provider requires a bidirectional dialogue where each party respects the other. Both parties will be able to:  

1. exchange information 
2. speak and listen without interruption 
3. express opinions 
4. ask questions for clarity 
    
   Non-verbal communication is the expression of information through the body, face or voice. It provides a way to convey emotion and information without using words. It can give the listener additional information, sometimes contradicting the spoken message.  
   It includes a wide range of physical signs such as:  
   • facial expressions / gestures 
   • body language / posture 
   • eye contact 
   • shrugging 
   • pointing 
    
   Individual and cultural differences can impact non-verbal communication as different cultures and people may have different norms and conventions for non-verbal cues. (Physiopedia 2023) 
   Link to video:  
    
   What is non-verbal communication? 
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HxDqYEl20hI
    
   Link to video:  
    
   Body postures 
   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T1PJf6DVz50