Reading material on improving patient communication

Various demographic, obstetric, and psychosocial factors play a significant role in influencing the emotional well-being of pregnant women. Research indicates that factors such as young maternal age[14], low educational attainment [15], being single, high levels of life stress [16], financial difficulties [17, 18], previous pregnancies or miscarriages [15], unintended pregnancies[16], and mental health issues [19], absent support from partners, extended family and friends [16] can contribute to emotional distress during pregnancy.

Pregnancy itself brings about substantial changes in the psychological state of women. It is often marked by feelings of ambivalence, frequent mood swings, and a range of emotions including anxiety, fatigue, excitement, and sometimes depressive reactions. These changes extend to body image, emotional expression, and sexuality, transforming the role and perception of women.

Expectant mothers commonly experience worries and concerns throughout pregnancy, despite viewing it as a positive life event. These worries encompass various aspects, including concerns about the baby’s health, financial matters, and the childbirth process itself. Such worries may occur before childbirth, concurrently with other general concerns, or even postpartum, focusing on the baby’s well-being and development. These anticipatory, concurrent, and postpartum worries significantly impact maternal emotional functioning during pregnancy and beyond.